Method of and means for reproducing sound



'June 29 1926. I1,590,399

J. TYKOClNSKl-TYKOCINER METHOD oF AND MEANS lFOR REPRODUCING SOUND FiledJune 2, 1922 Patented J une 29, '1926.

UNITED' STATES .Iosnrn mocmsxlfrxocmnn, or URBANA, rumors.

MQETHOD F AND MEANS FOB BEPRODUCING SOUND.

Application tiled June 2, 1928. Serial No. 585,410.

My inventioli-relates'to a' method of and a means for reproducing sound.

In my co-pending application, Serial No. 565,727 filed June 3, 1922(Case 1), I have described the manner of producing records of soundphotographicallyand of reproducing the sound so recorded by means oflight variations caused by said record, which light variations act upon'a photo-sensitive cell to influence current variations in a circuit,which current variations may be translated into sound Waves. Asdlsclosed -in that application, the light is either trans mitted thruthe record or is reiected from a part of the same to a variable extentdepending upon the sound record.

According to the present invention, the sound may be reproduced fromsuch a record or from any similar record without the use of light orother photo-active radiations.

AAccording to my invention, I utilize other roperties of the record. Theproperties which l employ are of .such a character as to influence a.magnetic or electric circuit. For the purpose of my presentinvention,`it is immaterial how the record may be produced as forinstance, photogra hically,

photo-mechanically, chemically, or y purely mechanical methods, such asprinting or the like, so long as the record exhibits difierenes indielectric or magnetic properties, in accordance with the sound record,so that the variations in properties will permit of a detection bysuitable magnetic or electric lcircuits of diiierences which may beampli-' fied to produce sound Waves. v

1 ln order to acquaint those skilled in the art with the manner ofconstructing and operating my invention, l shall now describe aparticularembodiment. and various modiiications thereof, in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the presentspecicaticn.

ln the drawings, Fig. l is -a diagram illustrating a system forreproducing sound from a record having variations in dielectricproperties.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system employing thevariations of dielectric capacity of the film in connection with radiofrequency current.

Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically a system depending upon thevariations in dielectric properties between the electrodes, which he onthe same side of the record.

Fig. illustrates a system in which the magnetic characteristic of therecord is relled upon for changing the inductanc'e of the reproducing'cil-cuit.`

Flg.' 5 shows how a record vwith a transverse trace may be employed inconnec- -t1on with the above method.

Fig. 6 indicates a mechanically produced record havlng a filling ofsubstance having a dielectric constant difference from that of therecord.

7 illustrates a moving picture film having a Poulsen wire mountedthereupon for the production of sound by variation of magnetism, and

Fig. 8 is a modification of the device .shown in Fig. 7.

An ordinaryuneriposed photographic film or plate contalns l1ghtsentitive substances which are distributed evenly throughout the vemulsion and which show at all points the same 4physical and chemicalproperties. .After the action of light, the physical propertiesincluding electric and magnetic properties of the substance haveundergone a c hange in accordance with theaction of the light upon thesame. Places which were subjected to a greater amount of light diifer'from places which were subjected to a less amount of light or no lightat all. This difference may be increased with the proper development ofthe film. Still greater differences, particularlv with respect to themagnetic and dielectric properties of the iilm canbe secured by treatingthe records chemically or mechanically, with substances showlng largemagnetic susceptibility or large dielectric inductivity. For instance,ferrocyanides, similar salts of nickel or cobalt and other ferromagneticsalts may be used directly in the light sensitive substance or afterexposure. rlhe hygrosco'pic properties of said substances may be used11| connectionwith the preparation of the film so that the film or paperwhich forms a record, may, while wet, be so dusted or treated withferromagnetic powder or with carbon, graphite, mica, glass or metallicpowders, as tgform a record specifically differing in magnetic ordielectric properties, in accordance with the varying effect of light.

A convenient method of multiplying such records consists in using .knownphoto-mechanical processes and pinting the records on metallic orpaperrib ns, rolls or plates.

The printing ink or dyesare themselvesV vention, to employ photographicor mechanical methods of producing impressions of variable thicknesswhereby the. record is characterized by variable thickness of either theentire record or certain layers which will produce, when the record isin motion, changes in the magnetic or dielectric constant of the circuitproducing the field, the variations of which may be suitably translatedinto sound.

.The record l shown in Fig. 1 has traces of dielectric materialdistributed transverse` ly along its length in lines perpendicular to te general line of motion as is apparent in Fig.` 2. The record assesbetween two electrodes, 2 and 3 whic electrodes form a condenser inconnection with the variable dielectric of the record 1. This condenseris charged by suitable battery 4, to the desired potential. The electriccharge stored in the condenser will vary with the consequent change inthe dielectric properties of the record 1, and these variations ofcapacity will produce changes of potential on the grid 5 of theamplifying tube 9. The variations in grid potential influence the platecircuit 6, 7, 8 Vof the .amplifying tube 9. This plate circuit containstheprimary of an induction coil 12 which connects to the circuit of aVreceiver or loud speaking telephone 10. Thus, the-variations in thedielectric characteristics of the record 1 are translated into soundwaves as desired. Any suitable indicating device instead of thetelephone 10 may be employed if desired. Even if the lines on the record1 were pro`1 duced by mechanical impressions or cutting as by aphonograph or by photographically obtained relief, still the indicator10.V will indicate variations of current so long as the distance betweenthe electrodes 2 and 3 remains constant. The material of the recordpossesses a different dielectric constant from that of air and thereby.changes the capacity of the 'condenser in accordance with the changes inthickness of the dielectric.

Fi 2 represents another application of the a ove described method and adifferent method of utilizing the same. The record 11 here shown is acombined moving picture and sound recorda the moving 'picture viewsappearing as shown at 13, and the sound record appearing at 14. Therecord consists, for instance, of a film with distributed variations ofthe dielectric material along" the portion 14, these variationscorresponding to sound waves, and consisting of variations of thedielectric material of the reccludes the. inductance 19. The oscillatorycircuit is `operated by a continuous wave device consisting o theelectron tube 20` arranged as is Well understood in the art to maintainthe circuit in oscillation. The plate circuit contains a primaryof theinduction coil 21, the secondary of which leads to the grid circuit 22of another ampliying tube 23. The amplifier 23 has in its plate circuit,a suitable indicator 10 which may be in the form of a telephonereceiver, loud speaking device or the like.

Fig. 3 shows means for .reproducing variations of audio frequency or ofhigher frequency from any suitable record, such for instance, as apicture -to be transmitted by telegraph or telephone line. ln thetransmission of pictures the record may be prepared in the fiat and thelilm is then rolled over a cylinder 25, a pair of electrodes 26, 27slide over the surface of the cylinder; these electrodes being includedin a suitable oscillating circuit 28, containing the condenser 29 andthe coils 30 and 31. A source of radio frequency 32 is connected thru atransformer 33, the secondary of which forms the coil 30. This source ofradio frequency supplies current at a constant frequency and constantamplitude to the oscillating circuit and the variations in ampli- .tudeof the oscillating circuit are. transmitted through a transformer 34 ofwhich the primary winding is the coil 31. radio freguency of varyingamplitude may be ampli ed in the amplifier 35 and then transmitted overthe line wires 36 to the receiving station 37, a detector or rectifier38 converting the variations in radio frequency into audiorequencyvariations or Waves. If desired, the detector or rectiei may beplaced at the transmitting end of the line 36 and onlypaudio frequencytransmitted ,to the receiving station 37. The receiving station 37 ma.include a telephone receiver or any suitab e indicator or recordingdevice as desired.

It will be apparent 'that the variations in the record 40, which ismounted upon the cylinder 25, cause chan es in the electrostaticrelation of the pointed electrodes 26 and 27. This change may be partlydue to conduction, or it may be merely due to variations in thedielectric medium between the two electrodes.

This

In m co dii ap lication herein above referredto lialths arid apparatuswere dcscribed to record lfotographically variations of current; en usedat receiving station37,these\ methods serve to convert vibrations ofcarrier currents into an image or picture.

'Ihe system shown in Fi 4 shows a modification in which instea of havinelectrodes formingparts of a variable con enser, electromagnets 41 and42 are varied in accordance with themagnetic permeability of therecord40', these variations in the magnetic pro erties of the recordserving to iniluence t e natural period of vibration of the circuittowhich these electroma ets 41 'and 42 are connected. The circuit o themagnet 41 42 contains a condenser 43 and a coil 44 and is adapted toinfiuence an indicating device or receiving? device as described inconnection with igs. 2'or 3.

Fig. 5 shows the manner in whichfrecords which have been made with anarcuate transverse trace onA the film may be used in connection with theabove methods of reproducing. The film 46 bearing the sound record ispassed between fixed plates 47 and 48. A rotating spider havin radialarms 49 1s driven at a of speed is definitely related to the speed atwhich the record film 46 passes between the plate, so as tomaintainregistration between the arcuate record portions 50 and the end51 of the radial arm 49 which sweeps 7 over the record at a particularinstant of time. lin the form illustrated in Fig. 5, the plate 47 formsone electrode and the radial arms form the other electrode of a variablecondenser which is connected in a suitable circuit 52. The lower late 48keeps the inactive radial arms 49 rom being influenced by the adjacentpart of the film. Only one electrode at a time is effective. As theelectrodes sweep over the arcuate path 50, the capacity of the circuit52 is .varled and may be made to influence either an oscillatin circuitor may influence directly the gri circuit of an amplier as aboveexplained, for translating the variations in the record into soundwaves.

if it is desired to take advantage'of the variations in magneticpermeability of the record 46, the plates 47 and 48 may be of magneticmaterial and the arms 49 may then become poles of an electromagnet whichis included in the circuit, the characteristics of which are changed bythe variations in duced by the record 46.

Fig. 6 shows a section of a phonograph cylinder carrying asound or otherrecord in the form of a helical groove 54 of varying depth. -The outercircle 55 represents the outer surface of the cylinder and the innercircle 56 re resents the bottom of the guiding groove elowwhich' theundulations of xed rate o .speed which rate.

the Vrecbrd are formed. The l oove of variable depth is preferably fillewith a substa-nce differing in value as to its dielectric constant fromthe dielectric constant of the material which is used for the cylinder.A pair of thin electrodes are guided in the guiding groove over thedeposited material m the sound record groove 54, and as the cylinderrotates the amount of dielectric material subjected to the action of thefield between said electrodes, Ivaries from point to point, thus causinga change in the natural frequency of the circuit, which changes infrequency may be translated into sound waves as above indicated. In thismanner, mechanically formed records may be used to reproduce sounds thruthe variations of the dielectric constant or the magnetic permeabilityof the record.

' In Figs. 7 and 8 I have shown a moving picture film which is providedwith a magnetic sound record.

As shown in Fig. 7 the moving picture film` 60 has a portion thereof asshown at 61 devoted ,to successive views of an object.

`Along `one margin of the film 60, I provide a very thin strip 62 ofsteel or other ma netic material which is magnetized. This4 magneticstrip 62 is preferably. glued or otherwise cemented to the film 60. Inthe preparation ofthe film, the steel strip 62 `1s moved past arecording magnet which ma net is varied as to its strength in accor ancewith telephonie current, leaving a definite variation of magnetism inthe steel tape 62. These variations of magnetism may be detected asindicated in Fig. 4, as by means of an oscillating circuit, or they maybe read directly by induction, that isz passing a small coil with anelectric win ing adjacent to the surface of the steel tape 62, thevariations of magnetism of the strip 62 causing fluctuations ofmagnetism of the detecting magnet which variations may be translated tocurrent variations and these in turn amplified and translated intosound.

In Fig. 8 I have shown a similar moving pictiire film 63, having a steeltape threaded thru the openings 65 in the body of the film. This steeltape is also preferably secured by cementing the same in addition to theinterlacing with the substance of the film.

As explained in my co-pending application, (Case 1), for thesimultaneous production of moving picture and sound records upon asingle moving record, the record isl first passed in front of the soundrecording device where the record moves with a. uniform velocity andthereafter the record is passed in front of the optical system of themotion picture camera where the motion is intermittent. The two parts ofthe film are separated by a loop, which ermits the n the filmintermittent motion to occur.

A passed in front of the Poulsen recording magnet, 'to make the magneticsound record. The film thenpass'es the loop and isV fed past the opticalsystem of the moving 4 picture camera with an intermittent mothe Poulsenreproducer and then tion. In reproducing the sound and moving pictures,the same spacing of the sound reproducer and the picture pro]ect1on andthe same loop of iilm are maintained and the film with the sound reco-rdis rst fed past past the moving picture projector.

I do not intend to be limited to the precise details shown anddescribed.

I claim:

1. In combination, a sound record having arcuate transverse portions ofa continuous sound record disposed thereupon,'plates on opposite sidesof said sound record, a rotat-- ing member related to said plates, saidro-A tating member being adapted to follow said arcuate parts of therecord, and an electric circuit controlled by the variations of thesound record as detected by said rotating member. v

`2. A sound record comprising a ribbon like strip of material having"arcuate portions of a continuous sound record. disposed transverselythereupon, means .for advancing said ribbon like strip at a hifornirate, and a rotating member having arirns"z for tracing along successiveportions of said-arcuate parts of the record.

3. The method of preparing copies of the kind described from aphotographic record which comprises varying the hygroscopic character ofthe copy in accordance with the image and distributing finely dividedmaterial upon vsaid surface.

4. The method of preparingoopies of the kind described from aphotographic record which comprises printing a photolithographic imagewith a sticky liquid, and dusting a powdered material upon said printedimage.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 29th day of May,1922.

JOSEPH TYKOClNSKl-TYKOCINER.

